盐酸(hydrochloric acid ) ,属于一元无机强酸,工业用途广泛。盐酸的性状为无色透明的液体,有强烈的刺鼻气味,具有较高的腐蚀性。浓盐酸(质量分数约为37%)具有极强的挥发性,因此盛有浓盐酸的容器打开后**气体会挥发,与空气中的水蒸气结合产生盐酸小液滴,使瓶口上方出现酸雾。盐酸是胃酸的主要成分,它能够促进食物消化、抵御微生物感染。
Hydrochloric acid is a kind of one component inorganic strong acid, which is widely used in industry. Hydrochloric acid is a colorless and transparent liquid with strong pungent smell and high corrosiveness. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (about 37% by mass) is highly volatile. Therefore, when the container containing concentrated hydrochloric acid is opened, the * * gas will volatilize and combine with the ** vapor in the air to produce small drops of hydrochloric acid, making acid mist appear above the bottle mouth. Hydrochloric acid is the main component of gastric acid, which can promote food digestion and resist microbial infection.
盐酸是一种无机强酸,在工业加工中有着广泛的应用,例如金属的精炼。盐酸往往能够决定产品的质量。
Hydrochloric acid is a kind of strong inorganic acid, which is widely used in industrial processing, such as metal refining. Hydrochloric acid often determines the quality of the product.
分析化学 analytical chemistry
盐酸常用于溶解固体样品以便进一步分析,包括溶解部分金属与碳酸钙或氧化铜等生成易溶的物质来方便分析。
Hydrochloric acid is often used to dissolve solid samples for further analysis, including dissolving some metals and forming soluble substances such as calcium carbonate or copper oxide to facilitate analysis.
酸洗钢材Pickling steel
盐酸一个最重要的用途是酸洗钢材。在后续处理铁或钢材(挤压、轧制、镀锌等)之前,可用盐酸反应掉表面的锈或铁氧化物。通常使用浓度为18%的盐酸溶液作为酸洗剂来清洗碳钢、
One of the most important uses of hydrochloric acid is pickling steel. Before the subsequent treatment of iron or steel (extrusion, rolling, galvanizing, etc.), the rust or iron oxide on the surface can be reacted with hydrochloric acid. A solution of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 18% is usually used as a pickling agent to clean carbon steel
制备有机化合物Preparation of organic compounds
盐酸的另一大主要用途是制备有机化合物,例如合成PVC塑料的原料氯乙烯、二氯乙烷、聚碳酸酯的前体双酚A、催化胶黏剂聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、抗坏血酸等。企业合成PVC时通常不用市售的,而使用内部制备的盐酸。盐酸在制药方面也有很大的用途。
Another major use of hydrochloric acid is to prepare organic compounds, such as vinyl chloride, dichloroethane, bisphenol A, polyvinyl formal, ascorbic acid and so on. When PVC is synthesized in enterprises, hydrochloric acid prepared in-house is usually used instead of commercial one. Hydrochloric acid also has a great use in medicine.
制备无机化合物Preparation of inorganic compounds
盐酸可以发生酸碱反应,故能制备许多无机化合物,例如处理水所需的化学品氯化铁与聚合氯化铝(简称聚铝,PAC)
Hydrochloric acid can react with acid and alkali, so many inorganic compounds can be prepared, such as the chemical ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride needed for ** treatment
控制pH及中和碱液Control pH and neutralize alkali solution
盐酸可以用来调节溶液的pH值
Hydrochloric acid can be used to adjust the pH value of the solution
用于焰色反应For flame reaction
用于检验金属或它们的化合物时常使用焰色反应,用于检验的铂丝需用稀盐酸洗净以除去杂质元素的影响。检验物质前,应将铂丝用盐酸清洗,再放到火焰上灼烧,直到火焰呈原来颜色方可实验
Flame reaction is often used to test metals or their compounds. The platinum wire used for testing needs to be washed with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove the influence of impurity elements. Before testing the substance, clean the platinum wire with hydrochloric acid, and then burn it on the flame until the flame is the original color
阳离子交换树脂的再生Regeneration of cation exchange resin
高质量的盐酸常用于阳离子交换树脂的再生。阳离子交换广泛用于纯净水生产中,除去溶液中含有的Na+ 、 Ca2+等离子,而盐酸可以冲掉反应后树脂中的这些离子
High quality hydrochloric acid is often used in the regeneration of cation exchange resin. Cation exchange is widely used in the production of purified ** to remove the Na + and Ca2 + plasma contained in the solution, while hydrochloric acid can wash away these ions in the resin after reaction
其他应用Other applications
盐酸还有许多小规模的用途,比如皮革加工、食盐生产,以及用于建筑业 [29] 。石油工业也常用盐酸:将盐酸注入油井中以溶解岩石,形成一个巨大的空洞。此法在石油开采工业中经常用到
Hydrochloric acid also has many small-scale uses, such as leather processing, salt production, and construction. Hydrochloric acid is also commonly used in the petroleum industry: hydrochloric acid is injected into oil wells to dissolve rocks and form a huge cavity. This method is often used in the oil exploitation industry
更多...